The waters of Indonesia teem with a huge variety of fish but the rapid degradation of coral reefs is threatening many species that are unique in the world. Illegal practices such as blast fishing and cyanide fishing are enormously destructive. The demand for live capture of exotic fish is a real threat to the future of many species. Exported for aquariums and for human consumption, fish caught using cyanide represent more than 40% of Indonesia’s exports. Fortunately, a few fishermen have adopted methods that respect the environment but they are in a very small minority.